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Post-Play'em - Observations on Game AI

Dragon Age: Origins - First Look

Just sat down with Dragon Age: Origin for a while. I know I won't get too far into it anytime soon because, for a Bioware game, that usually means a commitment of a few months. I plan on blasting through more soon, but the 360 is on the same 43" HDTV that the wife wants to watch Olympic stuff on. (I can't begrudge her that since she usually doesn't watch enough TV to get in the way of my gaming.)

To give a frame of reference of how far I am, I started as a City Elf and am only just about ready to roll out of town with Duncan. That has, at least, given me plenty of opportunity to go through both peaceful and combative encounters. Also, I haven't yet dealt with the NPC behavior customization. I imagine that will be more important as I go foward, but for now I just wanted to live by the defaults.

Well Lookie Here!

One of the first things I noticed was when I was in a conversation. While I like fact that people's eyes move and blink, I would like to see a little more movement. There is so much that can be said by breaking of eye contact, turning the head while still speaking, etc. I have written about this here and there before (and really should write a formal article about it). The point being, what they have done is a start, but it isn't enough to really sell the character. As an example of dialog scenes that are well done, I point you to Assassin's Creed (the original at least... haven't seen AC2 yet). Previously, I wrote about how I liked that, in Assassin's Creed, not only could you walk around during conversations, but that the NPCs did as well. They looked down, away, etc. I would like to see more of this. The walking around isn't even quite as important as the head and eye control. Some of those can even be randomized -- especially with parameters -- so it's not like it would take a lot of work or resources.

On the subject of head movement, however, one thing I noticed the first time that I was in a conversation with two people was that their head turns are NOT animated by hand but are automated. The reason I know this is that there is a very distinct start and end to the turn and that the turn rate is entirely constant during the whole turn. Put another way, if someone turned from looking at me to the person standing beside them, that 90° turn would go from a rotation rate of 0 straight to n, rotate that 90°, then change rate from n to 0 again. The rate, n, was always the same throughout one turn and on every turn. The overall effect made it look like one of those audio-animatronic characters in a Disneyworld exhibit. It was very mechanical-looking.

While I like the idea behind the technique, I believe a better way would have been to randomize the rate, a rate of change into the turn, and a rate of change out of the turn. This not only changes things up between one turn and the next, but also smooths out the starts and stops so it doesn't look like little servo motors kicking in.

... one of those audio-animatronic characters in a Disneyworld exhibit.
Also, you don't always have to look directly at someone. If someone standing next to you is speaking, you can turn your head part of the way and do the rest with your eyes. In fact, it is very common for humans to "split the difference" and look somewhere between the two speakers in that arrangement. Toss in the occasional look at other objects of interest in the environment (especially if you're nervous, wary, etc.) and you can really sell a conversation without a lot of extra work.

Don't Mind Me

She never acknowledged that I was even there.
While I appreciate that not every denizen of a place should attack you, I would at least like them to acknowledge my existence. For example, I was a little startled when I was storming the castle. In a couple of the rooms, I came upon a woman scrubbing the floor. She didn't look up when I entered (if she was a servant, shouldn't she care to see if it is a boss?), she didn't look up at I moved around, she didn't look up as I stood with my boots under her nose. She never acknowledged that I was even there. She didn't do anything other than scrub the floor. It was a little startling, especially when everyone else in the place (friend or foe) recognized that, as an armed elf, I was seriously out of place. (Incidentally, I got a kick out of the fact that this matched up nicely with the theme of AIGameDev's AI Marmelade - their twist on the Global Game Jam. Their coverage of it was sub-titled "on little old cleaning ladies in stealth games.")

I admit that this is likely a content issue. Developers would love to add more background characters to an area, but then you run into the issue of having them react in meaningful ways. Also, if those reactions are going to involve custom animation or sound, the expense goes up significantly. It would be nice to have a general list of generalized actions and interactions, however. Put people in there moving from place to place, carrying things, tending things, etc. When I come in, at least have them look at me. If I try to engage them, make them politely dismiss me. If I do something flashy like attack people, make them run. That much, at least, puts a little life into the place. Oh well... no one can ever say Bioware skimps on content. They just put it into length of the experience rather than the depth of it, I suppose.

Combat AI - So Far...

I was a little wary going into this first play session because someone I trust on AI commented that he was frustrated with his party members. As I said at the top, I haven't gotten too deeply into the game and haven't messed with the customization yet. However, there was nothing that I saw yet that was really "pants-on-head retarded." I was a fighter as was my buddy. He attacked when I did or when we were attacked. I was too busy trying to do my own gig to see if he used a healing option when he should have. I don't think he did because he "died" a couple of times during our great castle adventure. I didn't think to give him a ranged weapon to see if he would switch at appropriate times, though. And now, of course, he is no longer in my party (taking some cool gear into the abyss of retirement with him). My next play session will have me leaving town with Duncan and likely teaming up with some dudes. We'll see how things go then.

... it looked a lot like a tool that an AI programmer would make for a designer.
I only briefly looked at the customization system. From what I could tell, it looked interesting if you are an AI programmer or a designer. In fact, it looked a lot like a tool that an AI programmer would make for a designer. I would lay money that it's origin is not too far from that. I can see how it would tend to quell the inevitable gamer uprising that would like more control of the autonomy of their party-members (is there a contradiction in there somewhere?). However, it was said by a few people that you actually have to tweak this system by hand to get people to work together properly. I really don't like this idea. In my opinion, if it doesn't work intelligently with the default settings, there is something wrong.

From a technical standpoint, the system looks like it is a parameterized rule-based system of some sort. I'll have to play with it... for all I know, it is tweaking a behavior tree behind the scenes. Much of my conclusion on what is going on would be based on whether you can sort your rules in a particular order of consideration. Like I said, I only just glanced at it. More on this after I play. In the mean time, I refuse to look up any technical documentation on it just to see if I can figure it out on my own.

The enemies were pretty much standard "fight to the death" fare so far. They were all castle guards and punks, though. That would be right up their alley. I'll have to see what other types of enemies offer later on.

Anyway, despite their similarities in production, the game is much more enjoyable to me than Mass Effect was -- at least for now. I'd be pleased if that stayed the case.

Definitely keep an eye on the rss feed here. I'll be writing more about this game later in the week.

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Mass Effect: First Look

I've had my copy of Mass Effect (yes, the original) from GameFly for a month or so now. My son played it for a few straight weekends when he was visiting and finally finished it. Seeing how long it took him to go through has convinced me that I do not have the time to ever complete the game. However, I did want to get a feel for what it was like specifically for reference purposes. Here's a few of my first impressions.

Good Dialog Animation
One thing I noticed that was rather pleasant was that the cut scene dialog animation was reasonably well done. This is even more impressive since there are at least a dozen races that I have encountered so far and all of them look believable when they are speaking. I happen to have a soft spot for ol' Urdnot Wrex who looks particularly compelling when he speaks. Kudos to BioWare for pulling that off well.

Fixed Cut Scenes
On a down side of that is the fact that I now feel really rooted to the ground during those dialogs. Much of this is by an unfair comparison, however. After playing Assassin's Creed where I could wander around aimlessly during dialogs, I found myself a little restrained during the Mass Effect ones (of which there are plenty). Which brings me to another point...

Odd Disconnects
Having been a veteran of Neverwinter Nights, I am well familiar with the extent that BioWare can take their contextual dialog trees. While I agree that this is still largely a necessary evil in RPG games, there are times when I am a little alarmed by a continuity disconnect.

For example, upon arriving in Noveria, I had a pleasant chat with the lady Gianna. She tells me upstairs at the security station to come see her to have an appointment with Anoleis. It took me less than a minute to get down to her office where she greeted me with the question, "What do you want?" It was rather startling to have just left her and have her forget that she told me to come ask her something specific. Of course, this is something that can be chalked up in part to poor writing. On the other hand, this is also something that could have been added as a trigger flag in the dialog tree itself. That is, if the player gets to you quickly, acknowledge it and say something appropriate. In this case, it would have been "Ah, you are here. Let me announce you to Anoleis."

On the other hand, the in-dialog flags seem to be well done. Often, they will remember that I have asked about one topic in another branch of the tree entirely. That is well done. Of course, I was tickled when one character told me off by saying we have already discussed something. On the other hand, I can see how that would be annoying if you were distracted by something and didn't hear what was said.

Another peculiar interaction was when Gianna met me outside a room after I had finished a combat sequence. (I believe it was outside that one dude's office.) She told me to talk to her in the hotel bar before I spoke to the guy who sent me on the mission. Uh... OK. The problem was, as soon as the cutscene was over, she was gone. We didn't get to see her walking away or going to the bar, etc. Not having anything else to do, I went to the bar and found her already there (she's quick!). Again, this effect is a by-product of having the cutscenes be somewhat de-coupled from the actual live action gameplay. It's mildly annoying.

Not much of that has to do with AI, however. This next bit does.

Combat AI
In a few of the combats that I have been in, I've noticed a peculiar combination of tactics. While I praise the design that puts some enemies behind cover for a while. It seems like they also leave cover for no reason, walk some pre-programmed path while still firing at me, then return to cover. If that doesn't smack of a shooting gallery, I don't know what does. Additionally, there have been times when an enemy inexplicably leaves cover and runs right up to me in the open. It seems to be a design decision to "mix things up" however. While mixing things up is fine, it doesn't really make a lot of sense from a combat standpoint. Because of that, it makes the enemy look dumb. If the enemy looks dumb, people think the AI is dumb. It is unwise to intentionally write something into your enemy AI that people will perceive as being broken - either technically or in the "brain" of the enemy.

All in all, the AI seems to alternate between overly scripted or a sequence of randomly strung together actions. There isn't that cohesive combat flow that I experience in the likes of Halo 3, Gears of War 2, or F.E.A.R. Interestingly, this makes the battles almost as mundane as the incessant walking (jogging) and driving that you have to do in the game. Where I would hope to have the proverbial minutes of terror to break up the hours of boredom, I don't even get a rise out of the combat. That's disappointing.

Anyway, while I don't plan on finishing the game, I will put a few more hours into it and see if I notice anything else.

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